GJB2 (Gap junction beta-2 protein) variants and mutations

GJB2 (also known as Gap junction beta-2 protein) is a human protein-coding gene encoding a gap junction beta-2 protein. Its connexin 26 channels support potassium and metabolite recycling within the cochlea and communication across epithelial gap junctions. Biallelic pathogenic variants are among the most common causes of congenital nonsyndromic hearing loss, while dominant variants can cause syndromic deafness with skin disease. This analysis covers 681 GJB2 variants and mutations. Of these, 93% have computational variant effect predictions. Disease context includes palmoplantar keratoderma-deafness syndrome, autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss 3A, and keratoderma hereditarium mutilans. Example GJB2 variants include M1I, M1L, and M1R.

Variant analysis overview

Variant and mutation evidence

Clinical, disease, and population context

Protein structure and variant hotspots

Data sources

Evidence in this analysis draws on EBI Proteins Variation, UniProt, gnomAD v4, EuropePMC, 3D Hotspot Analysis, Interaction Network Analysis, Protein Data Bank, AlphaFold DB, gnomAD constraint, Open Targets, ClinGen, MaveDB, LitVar.

Notable GJB2 variants

Examples include M1I, M1L, M1R, M1T, M1V, D2N, W3*, W3C. Listed records include available protein-change notation, database identifiers, clinical classifications, computational predictions, population evidence, experimental measurements, and disease context.